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Photography in Luxembourg
Photography in Luxembourg is often associated with two figures who were born in Luxembourg but left when very young: Edward Steichen (1879–1973) was an American who made outstanding contributions to fashion and military photography during the first half of the 20th century; while Gabriel Lippmann (1845–1921), a Frenchman, was awarded the Nobel prize in physics for his achievements in colour photography.〔"Steichen, Edward John", ''Luxemburger Lexikon'' (Luxembourg: Editions Guy Binsfeld, 2006). 〕〔"Lippmann, Gabriel-Jonas-Ferdinand", ''Luxemburger Lexikon'' (Luxembourg: Editions Guy Binsfeld, 2006). 〕 There are however many Luxembourg nationals who are remembered for recording the development of the city of Luxembourg and the country as a whole from the 1850s to the present.
==Early contributions==
Pierre Brandebourg (1824-1878), who established the first photographic studio in Luxembourg City, had studied art at the academies in Paris, Antwerp and Munich before turning to photography to supplement his income. Thanks to his careful composition and lighting, having one's portrait taken "''chez Brandebourg''" became increasingly popular. Brandebourg also took a number of photographs of Luxembourg's evolving industries in the 1860s, some of which are stored in the publicly accessible archives at Luxembourg's Photothèque.〔 (René Clesse, "Geschichtsschreibung mit der Kamera: Die ersten Photographen unserer Hauptstadt" ). ''Onsstad''. . Retrieved 3 December 2010.〕
Paul Kutter (1863–1937) was one of Luxembourg City's early photographers. Born in Flums, Switzerland, he opened his first studio in 1883, close to Luxembourg's Bock. Both his son Edouard and his grandson, also called Edouard, continued to run the family business in Luxembourg City for many years.〔(René Clesse, "Geschichtsschreibung mit der Kamera: Die ersten Photographen unserer Hauptstadt" ). ''Onsstad''. . Retrieved 3 December 2010.〕
Charles Bernhoeft (1859–1933) took portraits of the Grand Ducal court as well as numerous landscapes, which he turned into postcards. In 1895, he was instrumental in launching Luxembourg's first illustrated weekly magazine, ''Das Luxemburger Land in Wort und Bild,'' which however could only publish nine issues.〔("Charles Bernhoeft" ), Philately, ''P&T Luxembourg''. Retrieved 3 December 2010.〕 He has left a number of luxurious photo albums, illustrated magazines and above all several series of postcards, one of which contains 1,600 different images. An advertisement indicates that some 20 people were employed by his firm, ''Editions photographiques Bernhoeft''.〔(Christian Mosar, "Exposition Charles Bernhoeft" ). ''Forum 254'', March 2006. Retrieved 23 November 2010.〕 Much of his commercial success resulted from his appointment as court photographer in 1891. His degree of success meant that by 1900 he was in a position to construct impressive new three-storey premises for what he called ''Atelier Bernhoeft'' at the corner of rue de l'Arsenal (Grand-Rue) and boulevard Royal. For his portraits, he used the widely available carte de visite and cabinet card formats.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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